Rüstem
Rüstem is of Persian origin (the heroic Rostam of the Shahnameh) and was adopted in Turkish/Ottoman Muslim contexts; it is literary and cultural rather than Qur'anic.
Yes. Most notably Rüstem Pasha, an Ottoman grand vizier, and other Ottoman-era figures bear the name, showing its historical use among Muslims in Persianate and Ottoman realms.
No. Rüstem is a literary-epic name from Persian tradition and does not appear in the Qur'an or canonical Hadith collections.
It connotes physical strength, bravery, heroism and loyalty—attributes associated with the epic hero Rostam in Persian literature.
It is relatively rare in contemporary use, more common historically and in literary or cultural contexts within Turkish and Persian-speaking communities.