Ghawth
No. The term غوث (ghawth) as 'succor' appears in classical Arabic language sources and Sufi literature but not as a proper name in the Quran as a person.
Yes. In Sufi hagiography and devotional registers Ghawth is used as an honorific (e.g., Ghawth al-A'zam) for a supreme spiritual helper; this usage is attested in biographical and hagiographical sources.
Yes. The word and name are Arabic in origin and are recorded in classical Arabic lexicons with the meaning 'succor' or 'aid'.
No. It is rare as a standalone given name in contemporary usage and more often appears in compound honorifics or historical records.
There is no widely attested distinct feminine form; the term functions primarily as a masculine/laqab element in historical and devotional contexts.