Edhem
Edhem originates as a Bosnian/Ottoman rendering of the Arabic name Adham (أدهم). It entered Bosnian naming through Ottoman-Turkish usage and is found among South Slavic Muslim communities.
Edhem means 'dark, black, dusky' — a descriptive term deriving from Arabic used historically to describe a deep black or dark appearance.
The form 'Edhem' is most characteristic of Bosnian and some other South Slavic Muslim communities; the Arabic form 'Adham' is used more widely across the Arab world and South Asia.
No. 'Edhem'/'Adham' is not a Quranic proper name. The core Arabic adjective exists in classical Arabic sources, but the personal name is cultural rather than being an explicit Quranic anthroponym.
Yes. An attested historical bearer is Edhem Bičakčić (1884–1941), a Bosnian political figure; such attestations confirm the name's real historical use in the Balkans.