Bilge
Bilge is not from the Quran but is historically used by Muslim Turkic peoples; it is culturally acceptable as it has no religious prohibition.
Bilge comes from Old Turkic bilgä and means 'wise' or 'sagacious'.
Yes. The most famous is Bilge Kağan, an 8th-century Göktürk ruler known from inscriptions.
Bilge is rare as a personal name today, used occasionally within Turkey and among Turkic communities.
Yes; it carries positive moral meaning and historical pedigree without conflicting with Islamic naming norms.