Barlas
No, Barlas is not mentioned in the Quran. It is a historical Central Asian tribal name of Mongol origin that was later Persianized and Islamized.
The Barlas were a powerful Mongol tribe that converted to Islam and became Persianized in Transoxiana. Most famously, Timur (Tamerlane) belonged to the Barlas tribe, establishing a major Islamic empire.
Yes, though of Mongol origin, the Barlas were devout Muslims and the name carries positive connotations of bravery, leadership, and Islamic Central Asian heritage.
Extremely rare as a given name. It is primarily known as a tribal/clan name among Pashtun and Central Asian communities, seldom used as a first name outside scholarly or heritage contexts.
Leadership, courage, strategic thinking, strong connection to heritage and history, and protective qualities.