Munsif
Munsif means 'just' or 'impartial', derived from Arabic and used to denote fairness and equitable judgement.
Yes. The lexical root and adjectival form appear in historical legal and administrative texts; as a personal name it is attested in Ottoman and South Asian contexts.
No. The term is not a prophetic name nor a Quranic proper name, though its semantic field of justice is reflected in Quranic injunctions about fairness.
In Arabic it is pronounced close to /munˈsif/; in Turkish orthography it may appear as Münsif with a similar pronunciation adapted to Turkish phonology.
A derived feminine adjective would be Munṣifah (منصفة) in Arabic, but the male form Munsif is the standard masculine given name.